Technology Transfer

Overview

The NAVFAC Technology Transfer (T2) Program supports information sharing to identify the Navy’s Environmental Restoration Program (ERP) challenges and to promote the use of innovative and cost-effective solutions. The goal of the T2 Program is to communicate the latest information on research, technology innovations, and lessons learned from Navy case studies. Technical resources are shared here on key topics through T2 e-mail updates, videos, fact sheets, handbooks, cost and performance (C&P) reports, and more.

The T2 Program releases a monthly e-mail that provides links to newly released T2 products, policies, guidance, and training related to innovative technologies.

If you would like to be added to the distribution list, send an e-mail to EXWC.T2@us.navy.mil to join.

T2 Updates
Tools
Videos
Fact Sheets
Handbooks
Publications

Date	Title and Description
May 2024	T2 Update (May 2024) Advertised the NAVFAC Remediation Innovative Technology (RITS) registration as well as a ESTCP project on Remote Monitoring of Natural Source Zone Depletion (NSZD) Using Temperature Data to Support Long-Term Passive Management Strategies.
April 2024	T2 Update (April 2024) Announced the new NAVFAC Fact sheet on Using REMChlor-MD to Assess the Impact of Matrix Diffusion on Chlorinated Solvent Sites, the Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable (FRTR) Spring 2024 meeting, and the upcoming DoD Webinar on Advances in PFAS Destructive Technologies.
March 2024	T2 Update (March 2024) Announced a SERDP and ESTCP webinar on Novel Technologies for Ex Situ and In Situ PFAS Treatment and the DoD ESTCP Mobile/Immobile Porosity Exchange Tool (MI-PET).
February 2024	T2 Update (February 2024) Announced a SERDP and ESTCP webinar series on Novel Research on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Adsorptive Technologies as well as a recently published Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC) guidance on sediment cap design.
January 2024	T2 Update (January 2024) Announced new DoD PFAS policies and SERDP and ESTCP webinar series on Advances in PFAS Leaching Models and Long-Term Monitoring.
November 2023	T2 Update (November 2023) Announced an upcoming OER2 Webinar on the Remedial Investigation (RI) Framework Overview for Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAS) and the recently published NAVFAC fact sheet on Electrokinetic (EK)-Enhanced In Situ Remediation.
September 2023	T2 Update (September 2023) Announced the new NAVFAC Report on Case Studies Using Surface Weighted Average Concentration (SWAC) methods at Sediment Remediation Sites as well as the upcoming SERDP-ESTCP webinar on Transitioning from Active Remedies to Monitored Natural Attenuation.
August 2023	T2 Update (August 2023) Announced the new NAVFAC Fact Sheet on High-Volume Sampling for Vapor Intrusion Assessments as well as the NAVFAC Guidance on Optimization Remediation Technologies.
July 2023	T2 Update (July 2023) Advertised the 2023 T2 Survey which is designed to get input from Remedial Project Managers and stakeholders for the Department of the Navy (DON) Environmental Restoration Program (ERP). The feedback from the survey helps the Navy to direct technical support efforts to meet evolving needs.
June 2023	T2 Update (June 2023) Advertised the 2023 RITS registration and topics and announced an upcoming SERDP and ESTCP webinar on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle-Based Structural Acoustic Sonars for Underwater Buried Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Detection and Classification.
May 2023	T2 Update (May 2023) Announced the 2023 RITS registration and topics and an upcoming SERDP and ESTCP webinar on Assessing Ecological PFAS Exposure and Effects.
April 2023	T2 Update (April 2023) Announced upcoming SERDP and ESTCP webinars on the Demonstration and Implementation of Fluorine-Free Firefighting Foams and the Risks Resilience and Readiness of Military Lands Facing Coastal Flooding, as well as ITRC's upcoming PFAS Introductory Training Webinar.
March 2023	T2 Update (March 2023) Announced an upcoming OER2 webinar on Optimization Case Studies and upcoming SERDP and ESTCP webinars on Sustainable Methods to Remove AFFF from Firefighting Delivery Systems and In Situ and Ex Situ Approaches for Treating PFAS-Impacted Groundwater.
February 2023	T2 Update (February 2023) Announced an upcoming SERDP and ESTCP webinar on PFAS Leaching and Mobility at AFFF Impacted Sites and the DoD new MNA Rate Constant Estimator User’s Guide and Tool.
January 2023	T2 Update (January 2023) Announced the new format of the T2 email and the NAVFAC Report on Best Practices and Risk Management Options for Metal-Impacted Sites.

Topics	Title and Description
ERB Website Brochure	NAVFAC Go ERB Web Site Brochure The ERB Web Site is a one-stop resource for Department of the Navy (DON) personnel, contractors, and the public interested in environmental site cleanup efforts. This links to a brochure summarizing the ERB Web Site contents.
SERDP/ESTCP Training Tools	SERDP/ESTCP Training Tools SERDP and ESTCP invest in science, engineering, and technology to help to improve the environment and sustain military readiness. To promote the implementation across DoD of innovative technologies, projects have developed a variety of tools and training materials that are made available on this web page.
NESDI Web Site	Navy Environmental Sustainability Development to Integration (NESDI) Program The mission of the NESDI program is to provide solutions by demonstrating, validating, and integrating innovative technologies, processes, and materials. Learn more about NESDI projects at this web site.
Technology Screening Matrix	Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable (FRTR) Technology Screening Matrix A user-friendly tool for screening potentially applicable technologies for a remediation project. Covers in situ and ex situ technologies for soil and groundwater remediation. Variables used in screening include contaminants, development status, overall cost, and cleanup time.

Topics	Title and Description
Munitions Response	Cat Island Video
Vapor Intrusion	Vapor Intrusion Investigation with Portable Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer
Green Sustainable Remediation (GSR)	Green Sustainable Remediation Video

Topics	Title and Description
Matrix Diffusion	Using REMChlor-MD to Assess the Impact of Matrix Diffusion on Chlorinated Solvent Sites (April 2024) Matrix diffusion is a key factor responsible for the technical challenge in the remediation of chlorinated solvent plumes. This fact sheet summarizes matrix diffusion and discusses the use of the REMChlor-MD in groundwater remediation modeling. Two case studies using the model, one with a large source zone and one with a small source zone, are also included.
In-Situ Remediation	Electrokinetic-Enhanced In Situ Remediation Fact Sheet (2023) Electrokinetic (EK)-enhanced in situ remediation offers a promising approach to treating source zones at complex sites such as those with low-permeability. This fact sheet discusses how delivery methods work and explores two case studies where EK-enhanced in situ remediation was applied. Lessons learned and considerations for applying and implementing EK technologies are also summarized.
High-Volume Sampling	High-Volume Sampling for Vapor Intrusion Assessments (2023) This fact sheet covers high-volume sampling (HVS) as a method to characterize the nature and extent of volatile organic compound (VOC) vapor distributions under large buildings. Case studies at NAS Corpus Christi and NS Norfolk are included as well as a summary of the advantages and limitations of applying HVS.
Environmental Sequence Stratigraphy (ESS)	Environmental Sequence Stratigraphy (ESS) Fact Sheet (September 2022) This fact sheet covers Environmental Sequence Stratigraphy (ESS) principles with JBAB and NAS Keyport case studies. Environmental sequence stratigraphy (ESS) is an enhanced approach to characterize aquifer heterogeneity and predict contaminant fate and transport by understanding geologic depositional environments. ESS allows for more informed subsurface predictions of geological factors affecting site remediation. ESS is an established best practice for the development of conceptual site models.
Five Year Reviews	Five-Year Review Overview and Addressing Emerging Issues (August 2022) Five-year reviews (FYRs) provide a critical assessment of the ongoing protectiveness of remedies implemented under the Environmental Restoration Navy (ER, N) Program. Remedial project managers (RPMs) should be thinking ahead to the next FYR, working to ensure that the selected remedy is protective of human health and the environment. The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide: (1) basic FYR information; (2) direction on conducting a FYR and preparing the associated FYR report and; (3) guidance on emerging issues.
Abiotic Transformations	The Importance of Abiotic Transformations in Natural Attenuation of Contaminated Groundwater (August 2022) Abiotic processes refer to contaminant degradation without the direct involvement of living organisms. A classic example is reduction of chlorinated organic contaminants using zero-valent iron (Feo). The focus of this fact sheet is on chlorinated ethenes. For sites where active remediation has been in place for many years, documenting the occurrence of abiotic processes may facilitate a transition to monitored natural attenuation (MNA), defined by EPA as “the reliance on natural attenuation processes (within the context of a carefully controlled and monitored site cleanup approach) to achieve site-specific remediation objectives within a timeframe that is reasonable compared to that offered by other more active methods.”
Monitored Natural Attenuation	Remedy Selection and Optimized Considerations for Monitored Natural Attenuation (November 2021) Monitored natural attenuation (MNA) can be implemented as a primary remedy, or can be transitioned to as part of remedy optimization. This fact sheet discusses lessons learned in gathering lines of evidence to accelerate regulatory acceptance of MNA as a viable remedial approach. More specifically, it focuses on evaluating MNA as a remedial option for organic chemicals.
Environmental Molecular Diagnostics	Environmental Molecular Diagnostics: Molecular Biology-Based Tools (September 2021) This fact sheet focuses on biological tools for use in environmental restoration (ER) applications including: quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), metagenomics sequencing of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) gene, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and proteomics.
Virtual Meetings	Hosting Public Meetings on Virtual Platforms (August 2021) This fact sheet focuses on hosting virtual meetings within the Environmental Restoration community. With a brief technology background, case studies and best practices this fact sheet provides considerations for the selection of outreach methods and best practices for implementing successful virtual meetings.
Environmental Molecular Diagnostics	Environmental Molecular Diagnostics: Chemical-Based Tools (May 2021) This fact sheet focus on the chemical-based tools including compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA), stable isotope probing (SIP), and carbon 14-labeled assays (14C). The factsheet includes use of EMDs in the CERCLA process and case studies.
Vapor Intrusion	Continuous Monitoring for Vapor Intrusion Fact Sheet (2021) This fact sheet discusses the assessment of vapor intrusion (VI) which are complicated by a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. This fact sheet will focus on recent applications of a continuous monitoring (CM) technology that provides quantitative measurements of vapor concentrations in the field. CM can help to address site-specific building conditions that influence the VI pathway over time.
Phytoremediation	Phytoremediation Advances (March 2021) Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remediate or contol contaminants in soil, groundwater, surface water, or sediments. This fact sheet focuses on recent advances in the application of phytoremediation and provides examples of full-scale case studies.
Ground Water to Surface Water	Groundwater to Surface Water Interface: Overview and Management (Part 1) (January 2021) Groundwater to Surface Water Interface: Summary of Tools and Techniques (Part 2) (January 2021) These fact sheets, broken down into two parts, describes the physical, chemical, and biological attenuation processes that occur at the groundwater to surface water interface (GW-SWI). These attenuation processes should be incorporated into the evaluation of exposure pathways at GW-SWI sites and considered in adaptive site monitoring and management strategies.
Long Term Monitoring Costs	Innovative Sampling Methods and Data Analysis for Reduced Long-term Monitoring Costs (September 2020) The Navy manages hundreds of sites with contaminant plumes in groundwater that require long-term monitoring. At most of these sites, monitoring is expected to continue for at least a decade, and in some cases, monitoring will continue into the foreseeable future. This fact sheet discusses the long term costs of such monitoring.
In Situ Chemical Reduction	In Situ Chemical Reduction (ISCR): State-of-the Practice and New Advances (June 2020) This fact sheet describes the state-of-the-practice and new advances for ISCR. This remediation approach involves the use of various reactants to promote the chemical reduction of contaminants.
In Situ Chemical Oxidation	In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) Fact Sheet (December 2019) Provides an overview of the ISCO technology and lessons learned during its implementation.
Statistics Groundwater	Environmental Statistics Fact Sheet (September 2019) This fact sheet provides a condensed selection and discussion of important statistical methods used for the analysis of groundwater and soil data.
Groundwater Sampling	Repeatable Multilevel Groundwater Sampling (September 2019) Repeatable multilevel groundwater sampling refers to any method of groundwater sample collection from a single location, but at multiple depths below ground surface repeatable over time. It is an additional tool to help characterize the site.
Passive Sampling	Passive Sampling for Contaminated Sediment Sites (September 2018) Provides an overview of the types of passive samplers available, along with preparation and deployment considerations. Key data analysis steps are highlighted related to extraction and analysis and the interpretation of results related to the calculation of water concentrations, mass transfer models, quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC), and bioaccumulation prediction.
Geophysical Methods	Geophysical Methods for Characterization and Monitoring at Groundwater Remediation Sites (August 2018) Focuses on the application of geophysical tools in support of environmental remediation including available methods and applicability considerations.
Site Characterization Fractured Rock	Site Characterization and Remediation in Fractured Rock Fact Sheet (August 2017) Provides a summary of advances in developing successful characterization and remedial strategies for addressing contamination in fractured rock. Topics covered include the types of fractured rock environments, site characterization, remediation approaches, along with special considerations and lessons learned from fractured rock sites.
LNAPL	Complex Challenges at Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) Sites Fact Sheet (April 2017) Reviews specialized techniques and remediation technologies to address challenging site conditions at LNAPL sites including the presence of co-contaminants, highly-heterogeneous conditions, and fractured rock.
Well Maintenance	Production Well Construction and Maintenance Fact Sheet (April 2017) Describes how to maintain the function of production wells (including groundwater extraction and reagent injection wells). Production well design is summarized, along with operation and maintenance considerations.
LNAPL	New Developments in LNAPL Site Management Fact Sheet (April 2017) Summarizes new developments in the area of natural source zone depletion (NSZD) and reviews key tools for evaluating the practicability of LNAPL recovery.
Landfill Long-Term Management	Sustainable Long-Term Management of Landfills under the Navy's Environmental Restoration Program (April 2016) Describes sustainable long-term management (SLM) strategies that may be suitable for landfills managed under the ERP. Issues addressed include passive controls, optimized landfill cap design and maintenance, long-term monitoring, beneficial reuse, clean closure considerations, and shoreline erosion protection issues.
Sediment Reactive Capping	Sediment Reactive Capping Fact Sheet (March 2016) Reviews reactive capping as an emerging remedial approach that incorporates materials capable of directly sequestering and/or degrading contaminants to reduce the environmental risks posed by the impacted sediments. Topics include reactive capping materials, deployment, monitoring, and lessons learned from two Navy case study applications.
LNAPL	NAVFAC Petroleum Site Management Update: A Roadmap to Closure (April 2015) Outlines a roadmap for managing petroleum sites through site closure and emphasizes management approaches, monitoring strategies, and remedial technologies for LNAPL sites.
Biogeochemical Transformation, ISBGT	In Situ Biogeochemical Transformation (ISBGT) Processes for Treating Contaminated Groundwater Fact Sheet (September 2014) Summarizes the application of ISBGT in treating groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents. ISBGT processes result in the degradation of contaminants through combined biological, mineral, and chemical pathways. The contaminants are typically transformed abiotically by reduced iron (Fe II) minerals formed by microbial activity. However, the minerals may also be present naturally as part of the site geology.
GSR Metrics	Green and Sustainable Remediation Fact Sheet (May 2014) Provides an introduction to green and sustainable remediation (GSR) metrics and footprint reduction practices.
Passive Sampling	Transitioning from Conventional to Passive Sampling for Groundwater (April 2013) Provides an overall framework that can be used to assist in designing a transition plan from conventional sampling to passive sampling for groundwater.
Vapor Intrusion Characterization	Innovative Vapor Intrusion Site Characterization Methods Fact Sheet (February 2013) Provides an overview of several emerging and innovative methods for the characterization of indoor air at potential vapor intrusion (VI) sites. These methods include passive sampling, use of a portable gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) instrument, use of building pressure control techniques, hydrocarbon fingerprinting, compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA), and radon sampling.
Bioremediation DNAPL	Using Bioremediation in Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) Source Zones (April 2012) Reviews factors that determine if bioremediation can be used in a DNAPL source zone.
In Situ Chemical Oxidation, ISCO	In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) Fact Sheet (September 2011) Provides an overview of the ISCO technology and lessons learned during its implementation.
Vapor Intrusion Mitigation	Vapor Intrusion Mitigation in Construction of New Buildings (August 2011) Provides an overview of VI mitigation methods that can be integrated during the construction of new buildings, along with important factors to consider when selecting and designing these systems.
Vapor Intrusion Mitigation	Vapor Intrusion Mitigation in Existing Buildings (May 2011) Reviews methods that can be used to mitigate VI in existing buildings, along with important considerations for selecting and designing an appropriate mitigation system.

Topics

Title and Description

Horizontal Well Case Study

Application of Horizontal Wells to Enhance Site Remediation (November 2020)

This case study reviews horizontal wells, which have become a cost-effective and practical tool to facilitate the remediation of contaminants of concern (COCs) at challenging sites where vertical wells alone may not be able to achieve project objectives. The Department of Defense (DoD) has applied horizontal wells at a wide range of sites across the United States.

Incremental Sampling

Advantages and Limitations of the Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) for Navy Projects (August 2020)

Incremental sampling methodology (ISM) is a structured composite sampling and processing protocol that is designed to reduce data variability and provide a reasonably unbiased estimate of mean contaminant concentrations in a volume of soil.

Mass Estimates

Tools for Estimating Contaminant Mass-in-Place, Mass Discharge, and Remediation Timeframes (August 2018)

Provides an overview of tools and techniques to estimate contaminant mass-in-place, contaminant mass discharge, and remediation timeframes. Tools applicable to each type of calculation are reviewed followed by a case study that illustrates how tool results were used to improve site-specific remedial strategies.

In Situ Activated Carbon

In Situ Activated Carbon Case Study Review

Activated carbon-based amendments can be applied for the in situ remediation of a wide range of organic contaminants in groundwater. This white paper describes the types of amendments available, the contaminants treated, and provides lessons learned from Department of Defense case studies.

In Situ

Bioremediation

Advances in the State of the Practice for Enhanced In Situ Bioremediation (EISB) (February 2018)

Describes the use of enhanced in situ bioremediation (EISB) to enable physical, chemical, and biological changes to the aquifer to create the conditions necessary for microorganisms to transform contaminants of concern (COCs) to innocuous byproducts. This document provides best practices to design and apply EISB for chlorinated ethene remediation and introduces recent innovations to facilitate successful applications.

Biogeochemical

Transformation, ISBGT

Biogeochemical Transformation Handbook (October 2015)

Explains ISBGT processes that result in the degradation of contaminants through combined biological, mineral, and chemical pathways. The mechanisms that contribute to ISBGT processes and the contaminants degraded by ISBGT are explored.

Sediment

Sustainable Sediment Remediation White Paper (September 2015)

Considers optimization and green and sustainable remediation (GSR) principles in relation to contaminated sediment issues. This report provides a connection between existing DON optimization and GSR guidance and DON guidance pertaining to contaminated sediment sites.

Vapor Intrusion

Passive Sampling for Vapor Intrusion Assessment (July 2015)

Describes the basics of passive sampler theory and design, the available types of passive samplers, the advantages and limitations of passive samplers, and important considerations when implementing a passive sampling program for vapor intrusion.

In Situ Chemical Oxidation,

ISCO

Design Considerations for In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) (March 2015)

Provides a framework for design submittals of ISCO systems, along with a summary of the best practices for design and lessons learned for implementation and performance at Navy sites.

Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination,

ERD

Design Considerations for Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination (ERD) (March 2015)

Provides a framework for design submittals of ERD systems, along with a summary of best practices for ERD design and lessons learned related to implementation and performance from Navy sites.

Munitions Constituents

Attenuation Pathways for Munitions Constituents in Soils and Groundwater (January 2015)

Provides an understanding of natural and enhanced attenuation processes for munitions constituents (MC) in soils and groundwater. The scope of this report includes MC issues; physical, chemical, and biological attenuation pathways; technology applications; and case studies.

Injection

Best Practices for Injection and Distribution of Amendments (March 2013)

Presents best practices for introducing liquid and solid phase amendments into aquifers and improving the likelihood that these amendments are adequately distributed.

PCB Fingerprinting

A Handbook for Determining the Sources of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Contamination in Sediments (October 2012)

Provides information on conducting environmental forensic investigations for PCBs at sediment sites.

Green Sustainable

Remediation

Integrating Green Sustainable Remediation Metrics within the CERCLA Process during the Feasibility Study (July 2012)

Focuses on Navy GSR metrics and their incorporation into the nine criteria for alternatives analysis during the remedy evaluation phase. An example case study of GSR being incorporated into the remedy selection process is also provided.

LNAPL

NAVFAC LNAPL Site Management Handbook (November 2010)

Provides an overview of effective strategies for managing LNAPL-contaminated sites to ensure protectiveness of human health and the environment, while simultaneously avoiding unnecessary and prolonged remedial efforts.

Groundwater

Risk Management

NAVFAC Groundwater Risk Management Handbook (January 2008)

Provides an overview of challenging site conditions for groundwater plumes and summarizes risk management strategies such as establishing points of compliance (POCs), alternate concentration limits (ACLs), performing mixing zone analyses, and Technical Impracticability (TI) waivers.

DNAPL

NAVFAC DNAPL Management Overview Handbook (April 2007)

Provides an introduction on how to manage DNAPL contamination at a site. Because DNAPL sites can be very challenging, this document focuses heavily on the limitations of characterizing and removing DNAPL and how to make realistic management decisions in the midst of these uncertainties.

Topics	Title and Description
Metal Impacted Sites	Best Practices and Risk Management for Metal-Impacted Sites (November 2022) This report provides important considerations for metals in background at a site and the best practices for developing an optimized conceptual site model. It also includes guidance on appropriate sampling methods, cases studies, and discussion on technical challenges and solutions at two site types: small arms ranges and groundwater sites.
Optimization & Site Close Out	A Review of Exit Strategies and Site Closeout Challenges at Navy Cleanup Sites (March 2022) This report identifies specific milestones along the path to site closeout (SC), as well as an array of approaches available to develop exit strategies. Three Navy case studies are provided as examples of sites that have implemented successful exit strategies that resulted in SC.
Petroleum Sites	Case Study Review of Optimization Practices at Navy Petroleum Sites (SEP 2021) This report provides an overview of optimization concepts as applied to the cleanup of Department of the Navy (DON) petroleum sites. This case study review was conducted to identify specific examples where optimization concepts and best practices advocated for petroleum site management were successfully implemented at DON sites
Molecular Biological Tools, MBTs	Assessment of Post Remediation Performance of a Biobarrier Oxygen Injection System at an MTBE Contaminated Site (August 2018) Evaluated the long-term performance of a biobarrier system to treat methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in groundwater. Advanced microbiological tools (i.e., proteomics and metagenomics) and existing site information were used in the review.
Zero Valent Iron, ZVI	Analysis of Long-Term Performance of Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI) Applications (December 2018) Demonstrated continued performance of ZVI remedies many years following treatment. The project identified best practices associated with pre-remedy selection, remedy implementation, performance monitoring, and optimization.
Bioremediation	Optimized Enhanced Bioremediation through Four-Dimensional Geophysical Monitoring and Autonomous Data Collection, Processing, and Analysis (September 2014) Demonstrated the use of geophysical techniques to provide near real-time, noninvasive, and cost-effective information on the spatial and temporal distribution of amendments.
Monitored Natural Attenuation, MNA	Verification of Methods for Assessing the Sustainability of Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) (January 2013) Discusses MNA as a component of corrective action plans at many DoD facilities nationwide.
DNAPL Thermal Conductive Heating	DNAPL Removal from Fractured Rock Using Thermal Conductive Heating (TCH) (August 2012) Demonstrated the feasibility of TCH to heat the target volume of rock and water to steam distillation temperatures via energy applied to vertical TCH borings.
Permeable Reactive Barrier	Cost and Performance Report Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) (March 2012) Evaluated cost and performance data for three full-scale PRBs representing a range of installation technologies, reactive media, and targeted contaminants.
DNAPL Technology Screening	Development of a Protocol and a Screening Tool for the Selection of DNAPL Source Area Remediation (January 2012) A screening tool (DNAPL TEST) for DNAPL remedies. For a copy, contact EXWC_T2@navy.mil.
Persulfate	Cost and Performance Report for Persulfate Treatability Studies (June 2010) Provides useful information on five persulfate application projects at four Navy sites and one Marine Corps site on performance of ISCO under different site conditions.
Thermal Remediation	Cost and Performance Report Addendum of Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH) (September 2008) Evaluated the cost and performance of ERH, which was applied at Site 1 on U.S. Naval Station Annapolis.
Persulfate	Cost and Performance Report for a Persulfate Treatability Study at North Island (August 2008) Evaluated the cost and performance of a persulfate pilot treatability study conducted for the treatment of chlorinated organics in groundwater at Operable Unit 20 at Naval Air Station North Island.
Zero Valent Iron	Cost and Performance Report for a Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) Treatability Study at North Island (July 2008) Evaluated the cost and performance of a ZVI pilot treatability study conducted for the treatment of chlorinated organics in groundwater at Operable Unit 20 at Naval Air Station North Island.
DNAPL Bioaugmentation	Lessons Learned on Bioaugmentation of DNAPL Source Zone Areas (October 2007) Investigated the effects of biological activity on enhancing dissolution of DNAPL. Both laboratory and field tests were performed using biostimulation and bioaugmentation.
Catalyst	Cost and Performance Report: In Situ Catalytic Groundwater Treatment Using Palladium Catalysts and Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells (June 2007) Discusses how palladium (Pd) catalyzed reductive dechlorination can be utilized to efficiently treat water contaminated with reactive chlorinated contaminants.
DNAPL Biodegradation	Biodegradation of DNAPLs through Bioaugmentation of Source Areas, Dover National Test Site, Dover, Delaware (May 2007) Demonstrated the use of biological processes to enhance the dissolution of tetrachloroethene (PCE) from an aquifer known to have DNAPL.
Thermal Remediation	Cost and Performance Review of ERH for Source Treatment (March 2007) Reviews data from four Navy projects and one NASA project involving the ERH for treatment of source zones containing DNAPLs or high concentrations of volatile contaminants.
Zero Valent Iron	Cost and Performance Report Nanoscale ZVI Technologies for Source Remediation (September 2005) Compares the performance of nanoscale and microscale ZVI field demonstrations at three Navy sites: Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, Naval Air Station Jacksonville, and Naval Air Engineering Station (NAES) Lakehurst.
Surfactant	Cost and Performance Report for Surfactant-Enhanced DNAPL Removal at Site 88, Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina (October 2001) Reviews the surfactant flood demonstration conducted at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina with respect to cost and performance issues.